Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. Their structure and production processes are relatively mature, and with the development of technology, automated production lines play an increasingly important role in the production process. Here is some detailed information about the structure of solar PV modules, assembly production processes, and automated production lines:
Structure of Solar Photovoltaic Modules
Solar PV modules consist of several core components, including:
Solar Cells: The core component used to convert light energy into electrical energy.
Glass: Typically low-iron tempered glass with high light transmittance and good mechanical strength.
Encapsulant: Positioned on both sides of the solar cells to bond and protect, with EVA and POE being the mainstream materials.
Backsheet: The protective encapsulation material on the back side, which is either fluoropolymer or non-fluoropolymer and has characteristics such as corrosion resistance and weather resistance.
Frame: Used to fix and seal the solar cell module, enhancing the mechanical strength of the module as a whole.
Conductive Tapes: Used for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells to collect current.
Silicone Adhesive: Used for bonding and sealing the laminated module.
Junction Box: Used to connect the electricity generated by the solar cells to external circuits.
Assembly Production Process
The production process of solar PV modules includes the following steps:
Preparation: Cutting EVA, backsheet, conductive tapes, busbars, and other raw materials.
Sorting: Sorting solar cells based on electrical performance and size.
Automatic Welding: Welding conductive tapes to solar cells to connect them in series.
Lamination: Combining solar cells, encapsulant, glass, and backsheet.
Pressing: Combining materials into a whole by heating and pressing.
EL Test: Using infrared testing principles for electroluminescence testing of the module.
Framing: Applying silicone to the aluminum frame for sealing.
Junction Box Installation: Installing the current lead-out device.
Cleaning: Removing surface dirt to increase light transmission.
IV Test: Testing the output power and characteristics of the cell module.
Final Inspection and Packaging: Final visual inspection and packaging of the module.
Automated Production Line
With the constraints of cost, time efficiency, and labor, the structure of the automated production line for solar PV modules is continuously improving, achieving greater intelligence. The automated production line includes, but is not limited to, the following units:
Automatic Glass Loader
EVA Cutting and Laying Machine
Automatic Template Loader
Stringing Machine
Automatic String Laying Machine
Busbar Welding Machine
Tape Laying Machine
Backsheet Cutting and Laying Machine
Double Glass Laminating Machine
EL Visual Inspection Integrated Machine
Second Glass Repair Unit
Automatic Double Glass Edge Sealing Machine
Laminating Press
Automatic Edge Trimming Machine
Manual Inspection
Automatic Framing System
Junction Box Automatic Assembly System
Junction Box Welding and Inspection Integrated Machine
Automatic Curing Line
Automatic Corner Grinding Machine
Insulation and Voltage Test Meter
Power Test Meter
EL Tester
Automatic Labeling Machine
Final Inspection Unit
Automatic Sorting Machine
Automated production lines not only improve production efficiency but also help reduce labor costs and enhance product quality and consistency. With technological advancements, it is expected that the production of PV modules will become more automated and intelligent in the future.
